Local Chronological Development in Telecommunication

Ø 1850 : Electric Telegraph Lime between Calcutta and Diamond Harbor, used by East India Company.

Ø 1853 : Telegraph branch under Posts and Telegraph Department, British India.

Ø 1853 : 4000 miles telegraph lines constructed in India.

Ø 1855 : Telegraph service opened to public in India.

Ø 1858 : India- Srilanka telegraph cable laid.

Ø 1885 : Telegraph Act.

Ø 1886 : Copper wire replacing iron wire.

Ø 1895 : Phonogram introduced in India.

Ø 1902 : Wireless Telegraphy started in India.

Ø 1914 : Postal and Telegraph departments merged in India

Ø 1933 : Wireless Telegraphy Act.

Ø 1949 : Introduction of Hindi script telegram.

Ø 1962 : Reconstructed as Pakistan Telegraph and Telephone Department.

Ø 1971 : Reconstructed as Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Department under Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications.

Ø 1975 : Reconstructed as Telegraph and Telephone Board.

Ø 1979 : Reconstructed as Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB) with right to issue license for telecom and wireless services.

Ø 1981 : Digital Telex Exchange in Bangladesh.

Ø 1983 : Automatic Digital ITX started in Dhaka.

Ø 1985 : Coinbox Telephone service introduced in Bangladesh by BTTB.

Ø 1989 : GENTEX Telegraph messaging service introduced in Bangladesh.

Ø 1989 : Bangladesh Rural Telecom Authority got license to operate exchanges in 200 upazilla.

Ø 1989 : Sheba Telecom got license to operate exchange is 199 upazilla.

Ø 1989 : Cellular mobile phone4 company Pacific Bangladesh Telephone Limited and Bangladesh Telecom got license.

Ø 1995 : Card Telephone service introduced in Bangladesh by BTTB and TSS.

Ø 1995 : Regulatory power of BTTB transferred to Ministry (MoPT).

Ø 1995 : 2nd and 3rd ITX installed in Dhaka.

Ø 1996 : Grameen Phone got cellular mobile Telephone license.

Ø 1996 : Telecom Malaysia International Bangladesh got cellular mobile license.

Ø 1998 : Telecom Policy.

Ø 2000 : Global Telecom Service (GTS) Telex Exchange venture with British Telecom.

Ø 2001 : Telecommunication Act, to establish Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC).

Ø 2002 : ICT Policy.

Ø 2004 : Teletalk cellular mobile launched.

Ø 2006 : NGN introduced in BTTB.

Ø 2008 (1 July) : Converted into Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited (BTCL) with 100% shares owned by Government and with 9 directors, headed by secretary of Ministry of Post and Telecommunications.

Last Mile Solution

The last leg of providing connectivity from a PSTN operator, ISP owner or Cable TV operator to a customer. Also called "First Mile" from subscriber point of view. Traditionally it is done by copper wires, you may find that connects your old telephone set to nearest telephone exchange. Copper wires carry analog signals generated by telephone equipment, including fax machines. Analog technology is by nature a less precise signaling technology than digital technology. Increasing demand for information access it became a big question to reach the unreachable.

Most subscribers, however, log on to this network through copper lines with limited capacity. This creates a bottleneck for advancing technologies that increasingly require greater bandwidth. Last-mile technology represents a major remaining challenge because the cost of providing high-bandwidth services to individual subscribers in remote areas can be higher than the service provider would like. Laying wire and fiber optic cables is an expensive undertaking that can be environmentally demanding and require high maintenance. Wireless networks will eventually provide the solution.

Existing last-mile solutions are:

Physical lines

• Plain Old Telephone Systems (POTS), fixed copper wire.
  
• ISDN, a somewhat faster technology than regular phone service. Not so popular.
  
• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) (or ADSL) over existing telephone twisted pair lines. very popular
  
• cable and the Cable modem, for data, using the same installed coaxial cable that already is used for television
  
• Optical fiber and its transmission technologies, therefore FTTH/FTTB (fiber to the home/Fiber to the Building).

Wireless

• wireless (WLL, Wi-fi, Wi-Max) and including satellite services such as Direct TV)